Index
1 Absolute debt, impossibility of, 144 Abundance, human use of, 247 Accelerations in wealth augmentation, 21-22
2 Accounting system for livingry, 500 Advertising and industrial design, 76-77 , ,
3 Air, environmental controls of, 55, a- , 57'58 Aircraft:
45deliveries by, 27 as environmental controls,
6, 57-58 military priority of, 58 Sputnik and, 58, 293
7 Aircraft industry: architectural training and, 74-75 in Britain, 293 change in, 298-99 expenditures for, 58, 253, 293 influence of marine technology on, 122, 133, 267 military priority of, 58 total industrial equation as, 59
8 Alloying strength, 178 See also Synergy
9 Alternating experience, 21-22, 27, 227-29
10See also Experience
11 American literature, Margaret Fuller on, 69-71
12 American Unbuilding Program, 104
13 Anachronisms, social, 285-90 Animal husbandry, 206 Anti-trust laws, 297 Architects:
1415education for, 73-76, 81, 277 function of, 83
16 research by, 83-84, 255
17 in world planning, 250-55, 257 Architectural schools:
1819educational strategy for, 83-84, 255 ,
20 limitations of, 83 Architecture:
2122Bauhaus, 9, 29-33 class warfare and, 291 patrons in, 245
23 Art, pure, 180
24 Asiatic commitment to death, 130 Atreus, tomb of, 155
25 Automation and man's future, 54- 55, 246, 281, 289
26 Automobile industry, industrial design in, 76-77
27 Balloon skin, spherical netting in, 169
28 Basketry domes, 149
29 Bauhaus international style, 29-33 influence on Fuller, 9, 29 plumbing fixtures in, 32-33 superficiality of, 30-32
30 Bellinger, Commander P. N. L., 18 Bierman, Barry, 148
31 Boats, common ancestry of, 129 See also Ships
32 Bridges, suspension, 170
33 British aircraft industry, 293
34 Broun, Heywood, on Margaret Fuller, 68
35 Building industry: in 1920’s, 23-24 New Deal and, 82 socialism in, 82 See also Housing
36 Buildings:
3738as environmental controls, 55-56 pre-assembly of, 215, 268-72 stationary aspect of, 91-92, 267- 68
39 Business executives:
4041fixation on death of, 105 money-grubbing by, 98-99,101 social failure of, 100
42 Camping with geodesic structures, 214-16
43 Capital underwriting, 299 Cartography, see Map projections Chemistry, 65
44 architectural training and, 74-76 China, domes in, 165 Chordal-edged tetrahedronal structures, 167
45 City planning:
46 domes in, 220
47 as world planning, 79
48 Civilization:
4950major pool of, 125 spearheads of, 125-32
51 Class struggles, 281-82, 285 architecture and, 291
52 Cleanliness:
5354fetishizing of, 114 religious codes and, 115-16
55 Cold war and livingry, 196
56 Commerce and industrialization, 39,
57 Compound curvature in geodesic structures, 217-19
58 Comprehensive anticipatory design science:
59 definition of, 63-64
60 in geopolitics, 79
61See also Designing
62 Comprehensive Designer, 173-82 acceptance of, 181 qualifications of, 176 specialists and, 174 tasks of, 173, 182 See also World planning
63 Comprehensive man, 72-84 architectural research by, 83-84 education for, 72-76, 79-82 geopolitics and, 79-82 industrial design and, 79 world planning and, 79
64 Compression, tension juxtaposed with, 212
65 Conception and potential advantages, 16
66See also Intellect
67 Conservation of Intellect, law of,
68 3
69 Contiguous displacement acceleration, 21-22
70 Continuous man, 278-301 definition of, 282 features of, 283 intellectual capability of, 284
71 Copper, 96
72 in obsolete equipment, 98, 143 Corporations, steel held by, 98-100 Costs of geodesic structures, 215, 224
73 Craft arts:
74 definition of, 37
7576industrial equation compared with, 38
77 ‘‘Credit’’ system and housing, 105 Cyclic events:
78 frequency of, 238-42
79 in geographic environments, 241
80 Darwin, Charles, 306 Darwinian theory, 251, 306 Death:
8182Asiatic commitment to, 130 fixation on, 105
83 Debt, absolute, impossibility of, Decentralization, 193,199
84 De Forest, Lee, 15
85 Delivery of building sub-assemblies, 215, 268^69
86 Design process, ideologic, 14, 16-
87 -17
88 Designing:
8990comprehensive anticipatory, 63- 64> 79
91direct patronage, 33 functions of, 189-90 inefficient, 96-97 forlivingry, 183-98 prime, 244-49 world planning and, 261-63
92 D.E.W. Line geodesic radomes, assembly of, 292
93 Dhow builders, 129-30 Differentiation and integration, 226
94 Direct patronage designing, 33 Disarmament, future acceptance of, 294-96
95 Disemployment and automation, 54-55, 246, 281
96 Distance, alterations in, 50-51,197- 98 3ř5
97 Domes, 146-72
9899assembly of, 279-80, 292-93 building of, 153-56, 278-81 cities and, 220 growing use of, 278-81 history of, 149-62 ice, 52-53,149-50 Mycenae tholus, 155-56 in Nature, 146-47, 219-20 permanence of, 154 plastic fibreglass, 268 symbolic nature of, 148-49 technical advantages of, 169-72, 213, 216, 220-24
100 types of:
101102Class One, 162-65 Class Two, 162-64
103See also Geodesic (Tensegrity) structures
104 Dwelling containers: features of, 109 future of, 296-97 materials in, 111-12
105 mobility of, 111
106 single family, 112 Dymaxion House in Russia, 195 Dymaxion map projections, i23n.,
107 140-41
108 Dymaxion technology of 1927, 27 Dymaxion 4D transports, 20 Dynamic systems, 200-3 dwelling containers as, 111 structural, 94-95
109 Earth, circumnavigation of, 151, 197
110 East:
111 attitudes of, 131
112 migrations in, 125-30
113 West and, 125,130 Ecology, definition of, 305 Economic changes, current, 31 Economic geography:
114 development of, 79-80 importance of, 79, 81-82 Education, 72-76, 231 architectural, 73-76, 81,83-84 future, 112,276-77 in Russia, 196 specialists and, 72-73
115 Egotism as modern rule of behavior, 60
116See also Darwinian theory Egyptians:
117118mountain-chambering by, 157 sun ships of, 160-di
119 Einstein, Albert, energy equation of, 55, 185-86, 201-2, 211, 273> 3ř3 ,
120 Electronics technology, gestation lags in, 37
121 Emergencies:
122123permanent, 208 role of, 22, 51, 207
124 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, opposes industrialism, 67
125 Energetic geometry, Fuller’s research in, 20-21
126 Energy:
127128Einstein’s equation for, 55, 185, 201-2, 211
129 extension of, 186
130 Energy (cont.) forms of, 177, 221 increasing availability of, 144 scientific control of, 93 states of matter and, 55-57 wealth and, 303
131 Energy-Bome Commonwealth of Humanity, 93
132 Energy consciousness, 113, 211-12
133 Engineering:
134 functions of, 191
135 patrons in, 245
136 English aircraft industry, 293
137 Entropic energy traffic, 159 Environment:
138 control of, 55-58
139 man’s alteration of, 51
140 Environmental controls, types of, 55'58
141 Epochal transformation of man, 179-81
142 Eskimo igloo, 149
143 Essential motion, philosophical concept of, 92
144 Exchange, early forms of, 60
145 Experience:
146147alternating, 21-22, 27, 227-29 classification of, 236 consolidation of, 144 importance of, 48,177 personality and, 239, 242
148 Faith of man in man, 144-45
149 Family housing, see Single family housing
150 Fashions in automobiles, 76-77
151 Financing home construction by government, 183-84
152 Finite local system theory, 158-60
153 Flight, stratospheric, 134-35
154See also Aircraft
155 Fluid geography, 119-41 cyclic events and, 241 Dymaxion projection and, i23n., 140-41
156157map projections for, 122-25, 136- 41
158 Force patterning categories, 159-60 Ford Motor Company domes, 278 Formula of Physical Universe, 186 Free enterprise, business hypocrisy toward, 100
159 Fuller, Buckminster, 9-66 adolescence in Canada, 11-12 attitude toward politics, 25 Bauhaus international style and, 9’ 29'33
160161boyhood in Maine, 9-11 commercial experiences of, 21, 43 .
162construction experiences of, 23- 24> 44
163death of first daughter, 23, 42-43 dedication to anticipatory laboratory research, 62-66
164discovery of ‘‘Octet’’ truss, 20-21 early poverty of, 44, 47 early speculations of, 20-21, 25- 28
165electronics experience of, 15 faith of, 45
166first design invention of, 10 friends of, 46
167in Harvard University, 13, 41 inner conflicts of, 46-48 moratorium on speech, 47-48 Navy experiences of, 13-20, 42-
16843 predictions of, 85-118, 276-77 research studies of, 35-40, 51-52,
16959 visit to Russia, 280-81 work with Lee De Forest, 15 youth of, 41
170 Fuller, Margaret, prophecy of, 67- 71
171 Fundamental principles, importance of, 227
172 Genocide in Russia, 195-96
173 Geodesic (Tensegrity) structures: camping with, 214-16 compound curvature in, 217-19 cost of, 215, 224 definition of, 170 great circles and, 217-18, 220
174175growing use of, 278-81 inherent strength of, 169-72 technical advantages or, 213, 216, 220-24
176transporting, 215, 269, 279,292 See also Domes
177 Geography (fluid), 119-41 cyclic events and, 241 Dymaxion projection and, i23n., 140-41
178 map projections for, 122-25 Geometry, energetic and synergetic,
179 20-21
180 Geophysical patterns: man’s alteration of, 40-41 nature of, 79-82
181 Geopolitics:
182 development of, 79-80 importance of, 70, 81-82 Germans, wealth or, 302 Gestation lags in industrial equation, 36-37
183 Gnomonic projections, 139 Golden Rule, limitations of, 60 Grand Central Station in New
184 York, critique of, 95-96 Gravitation, energy as, 177 Great circle, 167
185186geodesic structures and, 217-18, 220
187 Group principle, specifics of, 239- 42
188 Haushofer, Karl, 80,133 Heartland, 80
189 Heat balance, domes and, 221-22 Housing:
190191in comprehensive designing, 27 financing, 183-84 future, 90-97, 104-6,109-13 importance of, 89 mobility in, 92-93 mortality from lack of, 187,195 New Deal and, 82 in 1920’s, 23-24 predictions on, 85-118 prefabricated, 183,185 rising priority of, 193-94 in Russia, 195,197 single family, 112,205,224 static concept of, 204-5 suburban, 31 technical backwardness in, 207 war and, 86-87,10^
192 Hunting, 206
193 Hydraulic systems, structural, 94- 95
194 Ice domes, 149-50,152-53 Icosahedron, 168 Igloo, Eskimo, 149 Ignorance:
195a priori, 229-30
196 elimination of, 231
197 inertia of, 73
198 Indian Ocean sea pirates, 151 Indirect industrial realization, principle of, 61-63
199 Individual:
200201average, 59-60 freedom of, 117 functioning of, 59
202 Indo-China as major pool of civilization, 125
203 Industrial businessmen: fixation on death, 105 money-grubbing by, 98-99 social failure of, 100
204 Industrial design, myth of, 76-78 Industrial equation:
205206advantages of, 51-55 aircraft industry as, 59 components of, 177-79 comprehensiveness of, 38-39, 53 definition of, 25,187 distance and, 50-51 effects of, 40, 50 functions of, 187-88 gestation lags in, 36-37 indirect realization in, 61-63 regenerative function of, 54
207 Industrial tools:
208 craft tools compared with, 38 definition of, 37 words as, 39,47 Industrialization, 12
209210emergencies and, 36, 52 factors in, 38-39
211 Industrialization (cont.)
212213See also Technological development
214 Industry, see Industrial equation
215 Integration and differentiation, 226 Intellect:
216 conservation of, 303
217 importance of, 306
218 International style, see Bauhaus international style
219 International Trade Fair Geodesic
220 Pavilion, 279 International Union of Architects,
221 255
222 Jet-stilt transport, 20
223 Kaiser dome, 279-80
224 Khrushchev, Nikita:
225226on domes, 280 strategy of, 295-96
227 Killingry, historic pattern of, 245-
228See also War; Weaponry
229 Labor:
230231automation and, 54-55, 246, 281, 289
232 work week and, 285
233 Lags:
234 gestation, 36-37
235 in housing, 91
236 Land:
237238environmental controls of, 55-56 viewpoint acquired on, 119-21
239 Landslubber (landsman), static viewpoint of, 119-21, 137
240 Language:
241 exploitation of, 117
242243as industrial tool, 39,47 relativity and, 233-34
244 Literature, Margaret Fuller on, 69-
245 , 71
246 Livingry:
247 accounting system for, 300
248249cold war and, 196 growing priority of, 246-47 rising priority of, 192-93, 294-96
250 technology for, 270
251 wealth and, 190
252 Local systems, properties of, 158-60 Logistics, definition of, 185 Lonberg-Holm, Knud, 291
253 Mackinder, Sir Halford, 133 geopolitical concepts of, 79-80
254 Mahan, Rear Adm. Alfred Thayer, 132
255 Malthus, Thomas, 306
256 Malthusian theory, 250-51, 306 Man:
257258alternating experience in, 21-22, 27, 227-29
259a priori ignorance in, 229-30 automation and, 54-55 cerebral advantages of, 89 changing distances for, 50-51, 197-98, 305 comprehensive, 72-84 continuous, 278-301 control over nature, 52-53, 55-58 environment altered by, 51 epochal transformations of, 179- 80
260 experience and, 239, 242
261262future energy consciousness of, X13
263geophysical patterns altered by, 40-41
264lack of consciousness in, 244 linear paths of, 209 mechanized mobility of, 200 mobility of, 199-200
265scientific capability of, 58, 225- 26
266 sensory range of, 202-3 technical capability of, 58 transformations of, 174-80 universe modified by, 225-26 Management, class warfare by, 285 Map projections:
267268Dymaxion, 123m, 140-41 dynamic concepts of, 136-41 picture psychology in, 123-25 static concepts of, 137
269 Marine technology, 121-22 extension to land, 133, 266
270271influence on aviation, 122, 122, 267
272mass production in, 264-66 pioneering role of, 122, 266 See also Shipbuilding
273 Marx, Karl, errors of, 54
274 Mass-energy formula, 55, 185, 201- 2, 211 extension of, 186
275 Mass production, 97 in marine technology, 265-66 origin of, 264
276 Maury, Lt. Matthew Fontaine, 132
277 Medicine, anticipatory laboratory research in, 63-64
278 Mercator’s map, usefulness of, 135
279 Metals in obsolete equipment, 97- 99
280 Migrations of populations, 125-32 Minni-Earth, uses of, 257-61
281 Mobility:
282283in housing, 92-93,111 of man, 199-200 mechanized, 200
284 Moguls, 127
285 Moral codes and sanitary requirements, 115
286 Mountain-chambering, 157 Mycenae tholus, 155-56
287 Nature:
288289control of, 52-53, 55-58 domes in, 146-47, 219-20 man’s advantage over, 52-53 synthetics and, 75-76
290 Navigation, ancient, 151-52
291 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 173
292 New Deal and housing, 82
293 New York City, population potential of, 248
294 Newtonian concepts, 273
295 ‘‘Octet’’ truss, 20-21
296 OM root relationships, 148
297 Patronage designing, 33
298 Performance ratios per weight of products:
299 building and, 267
300 importance of, 53
301 rationing of, 57
302 Personality and experience, 239
303 Pirates, Indian Ocean, 151
304 Planck, Max, 303
305 Planning, world, see World planning
306 Plastic fibreglass domes, 268
307 Politics, limits of, 173
308 Polyhedra:
309 increasing trussed faces of, 168
310 subdivisions of, 166-67
311 as tensionally finite systems, 168-
312 70
313 Population explosion, 252
314 myth of, 248
315 Populations:
316 increase in, 209
317 migrations of, 125-32
318 shuttling of, 210
319 Postwar housing:
320 predictions on, 90-97, 104-6,
321 109-13, 118
322 volume of, 109
323 Potential advantages, conception- ing in, 16
324 Pre-assembly:
325 of buildings, 268-71
326 trending in, 264-71
327 Predictions:
328 general, 276-77
329 on housing, 90-97, 104-6, 109-13
330 Prefabricated houses:
331 cunent failures, 183
332 designing, 185
333 Priest-navigator conspiracy, 151
334 Prime designing, 244-49
335 tasks of, 248-49
336 Radiation, energy as, 177,221 Radio technology, gestation lags in,
337 Railroad technology:
338 gestation lags in, 37
339 marine technology and, 133
340 Ranch houses, 31
341 Referendum voting, 113
342 Regenerative function, 242 in industrial equation, 53-54 in teleologic design processes, 14
343 Relativity principle:
344 classification and, 236
345346extension of, 231-36, 298 language and, 233-34
347 Religious codes and sanitary requirements, 115-16
348 Renner, George T., 122
349 Research, architectural, 83-84, 255 Resources:
350 above ground, 143
351 in obsolete equipment, 143-44
352353in preferred complex patterns, 4ř
354 Reuther, Walter, 197
355 Russia:
356357disarmament and, 295 domes in, 165, 269 education in, 196 genocide in, 195-96, 280-81 housing in, 195, 197 industrialization of, 282 social anachronisms in, 289-90
358 Saflormen, cosmic viewpoint of, 119-21, 134-39
359 St. Louis dome, 281
360 Salk, Jonas, 63
361 Sanitation:
362 religious codes and, 115-16
363 wastes from, 113
364 Science:
365 capability of, 58
366367function of, 188-89 ivory towerism in, 245 methods of, 226, 243 pure, 180
368 Scrap, future recycling of, 102
369 Sea:
370371environmental controls of, 55-57 technology and, 121,133 viewpoint acquired from, 119-21
372 Shipbuilding:
373 early, 264-66
374375industrial design and, 78 See also Marine technology
376 Ships: common ancestry of, 129 distance and, 51 early forms of, 160-61 as environmental controls, 55-
377 57
378 European designs of, 29
379 Sicilian domical tomb-chambering, *57
380 Simple curvature, principle of, 216- *7
381 Single family housing: backwardness of, 205 dwelling containers for, 112 geodesic structures as, 224
382 Site planning, 91
383 Smith, Baldwin, 148
384 Snow, C. P., 67
385 Social anachronisms, 285-90
386 Social initiative, need for, 174-76, o 245
387 Socialism:
388389austerity and, 251 in building industry, 82 obsolescence of, 304 United States and, 293-94
390 Soviet Union, see Russia
391 Space technology, livingry arts from, 720
392 Specialization, problem of, 72-75
393 Sputnik, 164, 246
394 airplanes and, 58
395 Steel, waste of, 99-100
396 Steel technology, gestation lags in, 37
397 Stettinius, Edward, on housing problem, 186
398 Stratospheric flight, 134-35
399 Structural composition, dynamic systems of, 94-95
400 Sub-assembly in building, 215, 268- 72
401 Suburban ‘‘international-ranch’’ construction, 31
402 Sun ships of Egyptians, 160-1
403 Surfaces, inherent strength of, 169- 72
404 Suspension bridges, tensile capabilities of, 170
405 Synergetic geometry, Fuller’s research in, 20-21
406 Synergy, 188: definition of, 65, 239 examples of, 65-66,178 as inherently surprising, 240
407 Synthetics and Nature, 75-76
408 Technological development: acceleration in, 21-22 architectural training and, 74-76 of boats, 129-30 distance and, 50-51 domes in, 146-72 emergencies and, 22, 51, 207 gestation lags in, 36-37 invisibility of, 275 for livingry, 207 peace and, 207 sea and, 121 transformations in, 179 war and, 207 See also Marine technology
409 Teleologic design processes, 16-17 regenerative, 14 in world design evolution, 26
410 Teleologic stimulation, definition of, 9
411 Tensegrity structures, see Domes; Geodesic (Tensegrity) structures
412 Tension structures: components for, 95 geodesic, 166-72, 213 technical advantages of, 170-72, 212-13, 216, 220-24
413 Tetrahedronal structures: definition of, 166 features of, 167-68
414 Thermals, 57-58 Tholus, Mycenae, 155-56 Thoreau, Henry David, opposes industrialism, 67
415 Tin, above-ground stores of, 40-41 Total Thinking, 90, 224-43 Town planning: domes in, 220 as world planning, 79
416 Transformations of man, 174-80 Transportation:
417418of building sub-assemblies, 268- 69
419of geodesic structures, 215, 269, 279, 292
420 Travel:
421422industrial equation and, 39 omnidirectional, 216
423 Truss:
424 ‘‘Octet,’’ 20-21
425 origin of, 171
426 Trusts, steel held by, 98-100
427 Truth, Margaret Fuller on, 70 Turnover and turnabout, 21-22, 27, 227-29
428Two Cultures (C. P. Snow), 67
429 Unemployment and automation, 54-55, 246, 281
430 United States:
431432cultural changes in, 273-74 declining position of, 300 design blindness in, 29 social anachronisms in, 285-90 socialism and, 293-94 technological changes in, 275-76 waste of metals in, 96-99 world planning and, 81
433 Universe, human modifications of, 225-26
434 Universities, architectural research in, 83-84
435See also Architectural schools
436 Venice, shipbuilding in, 264-66 Vessels:
437 history of, 160
438 properties of, 158-59
439 Viking ships, 161
440 Voting by referendum, 113
441 War:
442 housing and, 86-87,106
443 priorities in, 52
444445technological development and, 207
446 total, 208
447 Waste:
448449inefficient design and, 96-100 of sanitation cycle, 113
450 Wealth:
451452constituents of, 303 definition of, 142,190 infinite magnitude of, 246 livingry and, 190, 247 nature of, 302-3
453 Wealth augmentation, 142-45 accelerations in, 21-22 formula for, 143 by prime designing, 248 See also Industrial equation
454 Weaponry:
455 declining position of, 294-96 historic pattern of, 245-46 modern systems of, 277 Weight, importance of, 53 West:
456457attitudes of, 131 East and, 125,130
458 White, Thornton, 150-51
459 Whitehead, Alfred North, on education, 72-73
460 Wood:
461462as housing material, 193 permanentizing of, 161
463 Words:
464465exploitation of, 117 as industrial tools, 39, 47
466 Work patterns, obsolete types of, 286-88
467 Worker, automation and, 54-55, 246, 281, 289
468 World planning, 25, 256-63 architects in, 250-55, 257 design programs for, 261-63 geopolitics in, 79-82 Minni-Earth for, 257-61 potentials for, 256 sources of data for, 260
469 World War II as a World Civil War, 107-8
470 World-Wide Dwelling Service, functions of, 109-11