Index
1Material in the text section of this volume is indexed by page number in standard type; material in the illustrated sections of this volume is indexed by illustration number in italic type.
2 Acoustics, of Dymaxion Dwelling Machine,
3226
4 Afghan Trade Fair, Geodesic dome, 62, 450 A-frame, 146
5 Air delivery, 17--18, 57. See also Dirigibles;
6 Helicopters
7 Air Ocean World, 51–52, 257, 260
8 Air Ocean World Map: 1944 edition, 243, 244--49; 1954 edition, 253
9 Air routes, 236–37. See also Great circle
10 Alcott, Bronson, 12
11 Alloys; aluminum, for 4D house, 22--23, 57! metallic, behavior of, 3; steel, 67
12 Aluminum Company, Ltd., 434
13 Aluminum Corporation of America, 22 American Institute of Architects, 20 American Society for Metals, geodesic structure for, 64, 67, 485
14 Anderson, Marian, 226
15 Andover Academy, 356
16Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 45
17 Antarctica: on Dymaxion map, 253; Fuller domes, 61
18Architecture (magazine), 40
19 Armour and Company, 12, 13
20 Arnstein, Dr., 142
21 Asia, energy slaves in, 53
22 Assembly: Dymaxion bathroom, 76-79; Dymaxion Deployment Unit, 172; Dymaxion Dwelling Machine, 197-227; Dymaxion house, 49-59; Ford Rotunda Dome, 292-97, 365, 386--69; 40-foot Tensegrity, 277; Geodesic domes, 391–94’, Octet Truss, 288; 25-great-circle sphere, 230
23 Astor, Vincent, 7–8
24 Atmospheric torus, 173, 186, 194
25 Atom systems: excessive radial vectors in, 42; and Fuller’s closest-packed spheres, 45; relation to nuclear discoveries, 229; ‘‘unemployed associability’’ count, 40–41
26 Atoms: first direct photo, 231; nuclear structure, 59; uranium, splitting of, 8
27 Automobile, standard 1932 design, 27, 95
28 Autonomous package, 303-7
29 Baird, Bil, 238
30 Balloons, and Tensegrity structures, 58, 277
31 Basin, in Dymaxion bathroom, 83
32 Bathroom, of Dymaxion house, 48
33 Bedrooms: of Dymaxion house, 48; in twin cylinder Dymaxion Deployment Unit, 180
34 Beech Aircraft Company, 36, 37
35 Bell Laboratories, 414
36 Berger Brothers, 385
37 Bermuda class sloop, 121
38 Bernoulli’s principle, 173
39 Black Mountain College, 264, 270, 311,
40317-18, 358--63
41 Bragg, Sir William, 40
42 Breines, Simon, 65
43 Bronze brake, 32
44 Brown, Harvey, 35
45 Bulliet, C. J., 21
46 Burchard, John Ely, 8
47 Burgess, Starling, 27,120--22,126,131
48 Butler Manufacturing Company, 34, 85--86,
4987, 147. 163, 164, 172, 173
50 Butts, J. Arch, Jr., 143
51 Calico Company, 464
52 Cartography. See Dymaxion: World Energy Map
53 Catamaran rowing shell, 298
54 Celotex Company, 9, 13
55 Central America, energy slaves in, 53
56 Chapel, Plydome, 447
57Chicago Evening Post (newspaper), 21
58 Chicago Institute of Design, 303--7
59 Chrysler Corporation, 29
60 Citizen’s State Bank, 478--79
61 Columbia University, 8
62 Columbian Fathers, 447
63 Compression columns, slenderness ratio, 60 Computers, and Energetic-Synergetic geometry, 228
64 Container Corporation of America, 61
65 Contours of symmetry, 46
66 Coordinate system, 39; for multi-deck structures, 27
67 Copernicus, 3
68 Cornell University, 260, 373, 443
69 Cotton mill, Geodesic for, 333
70 Cube, formula for number of exterior spheres, 46
71 Cubo-octahedron, 42
72 Da Vinci, Leonardo, 431--33
73 Dante, 45
74 Darwinism, 5
75 Davis, Elmer, 138
76 De Maupertuis, 4
77 De Palma, Ralph, 132
78 Decimal and duodecimal systems, Fuller’s theory of origins, 234
79 Descartes, Rene, 4
80 Design science, 6; as synergetic wave patterning, 17
81Dial, The (literary journal), 11
82 Dirigibles: for air delivery, 16; masts for, 28 Distant Early Warning (DEW) line, Geodesic radomes for, 61, 406-7, 415
83Divine Comedy (Dante), 45
84 Dow Chemical Company, 45
85 Drag effects, on buildings, 189, 191--93, 195
86 Ducks, aeronautics of, 25--26
87 Durkheim, Emile, 52
88 Dymaxion: definition, 3–4; origin, 21–23
89 Dymaxion bathroom, 32–34; assembly, 76–79; completed, 80; four basic pieces, 32–33; in 1927 multi-deck building, 66; plumbers’ approval, 34, 93; view inside, 81; 1940--41 versions, 85–86, 87
90 Dymaxion car, 97, 98–104; drawings of, in, 112, 113–15; at New York Automobile show (1934), 29; 1943 redesign, 30-31
91 Dymaxion car, No. 1,122-32,139-41; compared with car No. 2, 133; significant design innovations, 27–29
92 Dymaxion car, No. 2, 29-30, 137, construction and testing, 133, I34~35, 136
93 Dymaxion car, No. 3, 139-41, 143, 144
94 Dymaxion car, No. 4, 145
95 Dymaxion Deployment Unit, 34--35, 147-61, 163, 168, 182; assembly, 172, 173; design responsibility for, 162; interior view, 164-66, 169-71, 179, 180; package price, 167; at Persian Gulf, during World War II, 183; plumbing in, 87; twin cylinder, 174-81
96 Dymaxion Dwelling Machine: assembly, 197-227; components, 218, 219; early model, 185, 189, 190, 191; final assembly, 218; flooring, 200-3; Kirksite dies and, 19S-99; manufacturing cost, 214; prototypes, 227; roofing and guttering, 204-9; rooms, 187, 188, 222, 225; ventilation, 190-95, 214> 216-17; at Venturi wind tunnel, 189-91; wood dies and, 204-6
97 ‘‘Dymaxion Equator,’’ 51
98 Dymaxion gas station, 65
99 Dymaxion house: assembly, 49-59; decktensioning pattern, 41; elevation and floor plan, 40; interior floor area, 60; isometric plan and elevation, 48; structural features, 49-59, 60, 61, 62
100 Dymaxion map, 50-51; advantages, 51; uniform distribution in, 50; and World Two Air Ocean, 257, 260
101 Dymaxion Transport Units, 25-31
102 Ecological geometry, 259
103 Ecological patterning, Fuller’s conception of, 16
104 Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley, 4-5
105 Einstein, Albert, 41, 44, 260; equation on energy and mass, 3, 7-8
106 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 11
107 Empire State Building, 28
108 Energetic geometry, 3, 8; and Geodesic domes, 66; in relation to atomic structures, 45
109 Energetic-Synergetic geometry, 38-49; early chart, 228; related to Arnstein’s calculus, 142
110 Energy: foot pounds of, and efficiency, 52; Fuller’s special accounting system for, 47–49; in gases, and local patternings, 173; infinite nature of, 4–5, 6; non-polar points in universe of, 48; triangles as most economical networks of, 43–44; vectors, 39; world consumption of, 52–53
111 Energy slaves, 52; advantages, 53; and design science, 55; original percentage of,
112113250; in Russia (1917 and i960), 53; uneven geographic distribution of, 53
114 Engines, of redesigned Dymaxion car, 30–31 Environment control: in Dymaxion Deployment Unit, 173; in Dymaxion Dwelling Machine, 184, 186, 190–95; and energy slaves, 53; and ‘‘Flying Seedpod’’ Geodesic, 376–79; for Manhattan, by geodesic dome, 488; for New York City, by Tensegrity dome, 280
115 Euclid, 8
116 Experience, Fuller’s concept of, 5
117 Farm shelter, Geodesic, 441–42
118 Field, Eugene, 60
119 Field Emission Microscope, 231
120 Finck, Dr. J. T., 44
121 Floating cities: on water, 486-87; in the sky, 489
122 Flooring: of Dymaxion Deployment Unit, 166, 170; of Dymaxion Dwelling Machine, 200-3
123Fog gun, 88-91, 92
124 Forbes-Sempill, Colonel William Francis, 29-30
125 Ford, Henry, 67
126 Ford, Henry, III, 364
127 Ford Motor Company, 60-61
128 Ford Rotunda Dome, 60-61, 281, 292-97, 364-72
129Fortune (magazine), 6, 20-21, 29, 34, 36-37. 250
1304D, 18
1314D, Timelock, 18
132 4D Dymaxion house, 18–21, 57–58; cost, 19–20; design as implement, 19; Mac-Leish’s defense of, 20-21; patents offered to American Institute of Architects, 20; and shelter utility companies, 20; special features, 18-19; standards for materials, 21–22. See also Dymaxion House
133 4D multi-story building: alternate forms of, 29; cutaway view of, 31; triangulated tension network, 34-39
134 4D office building: 100-deck, 26; twin tower, 30
135 4D omni-directional transport, 29
136 4D tower apartment house, advantages: compared with conventional six-room house, 32; interior, 31; 10-deck, 16, 17; 12-deck, 21
137 4D tower garage, 33
138139Four primary systems, 46 ‘‘Fourth powering,’’ 47 Franklin, Benjamin, 54 Frequency, and exhaustion of unit energy, 46
140 Fuller, Rev. Arthur Buckminster, 11
141 Fuller, Margaret, 11-12
142 Fuller, Richard Buckminster, Sr., 11
143144Fuller, Richard Buckminster, Jr.: as air pilot, 7-8; ancestry, 11-12; Annapolis appointment, 13; and application of Einstein’s theories, 7-8; cartographical innovations, 50-55; change in public attitude toward, 65; concern with social science, 3; critical years, 14; development of Dymaxion Transport Units, 25-31; development of Energetic-Synergetic geometry, 39-49; development of Geodesic structures, 57-68; education, 12; establishment of Stockade Building Company, 13; experiments, 9; Fortune and Time descriptions, 6; man and philosophy, 2-9; marriage, 12; philosophy of patents, 64; self-inventory, 14; slow public acceptance of ideas, 8; three basic principles, 16-17; work for Phelps-Dodge Corporation, 32–34; World War I Navy years, 12–13; World War II years, 34
145 Fuller, Lieutenant Thomas, 11
146 Fuller, Hon. Timothy, 11
147 Fuller, Rev. Timothy, 11
148 Fuller, Wolcott, 22
149 Fuller Research Foundation, 326-28
150 Garages: 4D tower, 33; Plydome, 445
151 Gaty, Jack, 36
152 Geodesic domes, 3, 16, 308-57; advantages, 65-66; for Arctic Institute, 329; assembly, 391-94; as bachelor officer quarters, 450; first large-size, 326-28; growing acceptance, 372; helilift, 387-90; magnesium, 350-51; for Manhattan, 488; 167-foot, 352; parallel, foldable, 380-84; as skybreak dwellings, 358-63; 20-foot, 330; for Union Tank Car Company, 482–84; at University of Minnesota, 334-39: and ‘‘valving,’’ 65; and Vector Equilibrium, 42; wood and Mylar, 340-41; wood and polyester, 349; for Zulus, 463. See also Ford Rotunda Dome; Kaiser Geodesics; Paperboard domes; Plydomes; Radomes Geodesic ‘‘Growth House,’’ 342-43
153 Geodesic pavilions: for Afghan Trade Fair (1955), 451-54; at Bombay, India, 464; at Milan Triennale, 61, 426-33, 462; at Moscow Fair, 480; roo-foot, 355; 114-foot, 354; at Poznan Trade Fair, 459; in Thailand, 455-56; at Tokyo World Trade Fair, 457~5&
154 Geodesic restaurant, 340
155 Geodesic structures, 57-68; for American Society for Metals, 485; and early triangulated tension network, 34-39; involute-evolute parabolic, 460-61; for moon installations, 380-83; seedpod foldable, 373-86; significance of breakthrough, 64–68
156 Geodesic theater, 476-77
157 Geodesics, Fuller’s definition, 44
158 Goodyear Corporation, 142
159Graf Zeppelin, 18, 29–30
160Grain bins, 163, 164, 165, 172
161 Grainery plant, 472-75
162 Great circles: chords, 44; courses, 51; and Geodesic structures, 60; structures of prefabricated triangles, 309-10; trajectories, 231
163 Grebe, John J., 45
164 Greeley, Horace, n
165 Gulf Refining Company, 29
166 Guttering, of Dymaxion Dwelling Machine,
167205-7, 209
168 Hahn, Otto, 8
169 Harvard College, 11, 12
170 Harvard Society for Contemporary Art, 48 Helicopters: for delivery of Tensegrity structures, 280; and helilift of Geodesic dome, 387-90, 396-403
171 Hemisphere, Tensegrity, 276, 280
172 Hemispheric dome, 311-16
173 Hertz, Heinrich, 44
174 Hewlett, Anne, 12
175 Hewlett, James Monroe, 9, 10-11, 12, 13, 20
176 History, three pictures of, 259
177 Hockey rink, Geodesic ovaloid, 356
178 Hogden, Lee, 272
179 Housing. See Shelter
180 Howard, T. C., 444
181 Icosahedron: contraction of, 42-43; derived from Vector Equilibrium, 42; 15 great circles developing from, 234; spherical, 44; Tensegrity, 270
182 Industrial Revolution, Dymaxion profile of,
183258
184 Industrialization: Fuller’s philosophy of, 5; world, to 1952 and 2000, 252
185 Infinity, Fuller’s theorem, 235
186 International Association of Machinists, 6, 35
187 James, William, 15
188 ‘‘Jig shipping,’’ 303-7
189 Jitterbug construction, 42
190 Johnson, Evangeline, 30
191 Kaiser, Henry J., 30, 62-63
192 Kaiser Geodesics, 63, 465–81; auditoriums, 465-71, 476-77, 481; as bank, 478-79; in Hawaii, 465-68; in Moscow, 480
193 Kasner, Edward, 8
194 Kelly, John, 61, 485
195 Khrushchev, Nikita, 63-64
196 Kirksite drop-hammer die, 198
197 Kitchen, in Dymaxion Deployment Unit,
198179, 182
199Kitty Foyle (Morley), 34, 35
200 Klug, Dr. A., 44
201 Kraft paper, 61
202 Kucherenko, Vladimir, 63-64
203 Lacey, Cynthia, 299
204Ladle, The (publication), 34, 93
205 Land Ocean, 260
206 Legislation, and technology, 5
207 Lenin, N., 53
208 Library, of Dymaxion house, 48
209Life (magazine), 50, 372
210 Lincoln Laboratory, 409
211 Lindsay, Jeffrey, 326-28, 332, 349
212 Living room, of Dymaxion house, 48
213 Load factors: in Geodesic domes, 394; occupant, in Dymaxion Dwelling Machine, 220; in Octet Truss, 282; in Tensegrity structures, 277, 280
214 Locomobile Company, 116, 127-28
215 Loening, Grover, 7-8
216 McGill University, 434
217 Mach, Ernst, 5
218 MacLeish, Archibald, 20-21 ‘‘Macro-micro-oscillocosm, 3 Magnesium Products Company, 395
219 Manhattan Project, 8
220 Marquis, Don, 35
221 Marshall Field and Company, 21
222 Marx, Karl, 5
223 Mass production, 20
224 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), 8, 59, 331, 358-63
225 Masts: central, of Dymaxion house, 42-47, 48; compressional, 49-59; for dirigibles, 28; Duralumin, 50; of Dymaxion Deployment Units, 173; of Dymaxion Dwelling Machine, 214, 217; integral winching apparatus, 181; Tensegrity, 59, 261, 264-67 Materials: in Dymaxion Deployment Units, 165, 166, 168, 170; in Dymaxion Dwelling Machine, 210-17, 221-25; in Dymaxion house, 49-59; in Ford Rotunda Dome, 371; of 4D house, 21-22; in Geodesic domes, 336, 340-41, 349-51, 463; heavy, and structural failure, 311; for Octet Truss, 283-91; for Paperboard domes, 423-24, 426-30, 434; for Ply-domes, 437, 440, 447; of Stockade system, 9
226 Mechanical Wing, 146
227 Mercator projection, 50
228 Metropolitan Museum of Art, 280, 384 Michigan State University, 441-42 Milan Triennale, 61, 426-33, 462 Milton Academy, 12 Miniature Earth, 260 Missiles, unmanned, 67 Model T Ford, 67
229 Models: derived from Energetic-Synergetic geometry coordinates, 232; of Dymaxion house, 49-59, 60, 61, 62; of Ford Rotunda Dome, 365-67; of Geodesic cotton mill, 333; of Marine Corps Geodesic shelter, 404; of Sky Eye Geodesic, 416; of Vector Equilibrium, 233
230 Moelman, John, 2 71
231 Montgomery Ward and Company, 167 Morley, Christopher, 8, 34, 35
232 Mortgaging, for autonomously packaged house, 303–7
233 Moscow World’s Fair, Kaiser Geodesic at, 63, 63-64
234 Museum of Modern Art (New York), 34-35, 181, 282, 358-63
235 National Air Show (1956), Geodesics at,
236401-3
237 National debt, 8
238 Necklace structure, 312-18
239 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 6
240 New York Automobile Show (1934), 29
241242New York State Association of Master Plumbers, 93
243New York Times, The, 30
244New Yorker, The (magazine), 29
245 Newton, Isaac, 2, 3, 7, 41
246 Nichols Copper Company, 33
247Nine Chains to the Moon, 7, 237-38
248 Norquist, E. E., 173
249 North America, energy slaves in, 53
250251North American Aviation, Inc., 64, 67-68, 4S5
252North Carolina State College, 59, 266, 271-72, 333. 342-43. 424
253 North Pole: 4D multi-story dwelling unit for, 22; Geodesic shelter, 385; interlinking of peoples over, 257, 260
254 Northland Shopping Center, 355
255 Octahedron: contraction of, 42-43; formula for number of exterior spheres, 46; spherical, 44; Tensegrity, 269
256 Octet Truss, 57, 60, 282-97
257 Omni-directional transport, 94
258 Omni-triangulated systems, 47-48
259 Paper domes, 61–62
260 Paperboard domes, 417-34; foldable, 422;
261 Milan Triennale Gran Premio, 431-33
262 Parking. See Garages
263 Patents: for Dymaxion bathroom, 67–74; for Dymaxion car, 112, 113-15; for Dymaxion Deployment Unit, 148-54, 155-60; for Dymaxion map, 239-42; for Geodesic dome, 319-25; for Paperboard dome, 417-20; for Stockade Building System, 12–16
264 Pauling, Linus, 45
265 Peterson, Eric, 36
266 Phelps-Dodge Corporation, 32, 33, 34, 75
267 Pierce Foundation, 32
268 Planck, Max, 3
269 Planetarium dome, 353
270 Plastics, for Dymaxion bathroom, 33
271 ‘‘Playdome,’’ 357, 448–49
272 Plydome, Inc., 65
273 Plydomes: chapel, 447; components, 437, 440, 447; involute, 444; ‘‘Pine Cone’’ 42-foot, 443; structural system, 440; two-frequency, 435-36
274 Plumbing: of Dymaxion bathroom, 33; in Dymaxion Deployment Unit, 85-86
275 Point system relationships, 46-49; algebraic statement of, 47
276 Polyhedra, 48
277 Pope, Ted, 326-28
278 Prime numbers, 235. See also Omni-tri-angulated systems; Vector Equilibrium
279 Princeton University, 273-74
280 Production, 17
281 Pure science, curve of acceleration, 258
282 Pythagoras, 2, 3, 8
283 Radial vectors, ‘‘explosive,’’ 42
284 Radomes, 61, 282, 406-16; basic diamond component, 410; first production model, 414; fully assembled, 411-13; testing, 407-8
285 Rauma, John, 358-63
286 Relativity, as norm of Air Ocean World, 260
287 Reuther, Walter, 35
288 Richter, Don, 62-63, 326-28, 330
289 Riemann, Georg, 44
290 Rivera, Diego, 130
291 Road trailer package, 303-7
292 Robertson, Donald W., 55
293 Rockefeller, Winthrop, 354
294 Roof gores, Dymaxion Dwelling Machine,
295211-12
296 Roofing, of Dymaxion Dwelling Machine,
297204-9
298 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 8
299 Ryan, General, 29
300 Sanders, Mr. and Mrs. Walter, 171
301Science (publication), 239-42
302 Seats, designs for, 301–2
303 ‘‘Second powering,’’ 47
304 Septic tanks, 85-86
305 Shelter: air lift of, 17-18; emergency, 34; and paper domes, 61–62. See also Skybreak Dwellings
306 Shelving, 222-23
307 Sky Eye Geodesic, 416
308 Skybreak Dwellings, 358-63
309 Sky-floating cities, 489
310 Snelson, Kenneth, 59, 265
311 Social design, 15
312 Socrates, 9
313 Solar heat, in Dymaxion house, 48, 62
314 Solidity, as third power, 47
315 Soundex, 13
316 Soundproofing, 48
317 Southern Illinois University, 352
318 Spheres: closest-packed, 40, 45, 47, 230; concentric Tensegrity, 59–60; forming polyhedra, 41; Fuller’s definition, 234; geometrical agglomerations, 229; ‘‘polar,’’ 41; projection of Vector Equilibrium on, 233; Tensegrity, with identical components, 279-80; total number of, in any layer, 41; variables in, 47
319 Spitz Planetarium Company, 353
320 Sports Palace, 481
321 Springing, of Dymaxion car, 28-29
322 Standard Sanitary Company, 33-34
323 Stockade Blocks, construction of, 9
324 Stockade Building System, 13; patent, 12-15
325 Stokowski, Leopold, 30, 143
326 Storage units, 222-24
327Streamlines (Morley), 8
328 Streamlining: and air flow effects, 96; of Dymaxion car, 27-28; effect of shield, 18, 19
329 Subtriangulation, 44
330 Sullivan, Louis, 66-67
331 Swimming pool, Geodesic covered, 350-51
332 Synergetics, Inc., 63, 65
333 Synergy, 3
334 System, Fuller’s definition, 43
335 Tables, tensionally supported, 300
336 Technology, airborne, 257
337 Telephone, 299
338 Tensegrity, 57–60; developed from discontinuous-compression structures, 58–595 masts, 59; no size limit to, 60
339 Tensegrity dome, for New York City, 280
340 Tensegrity structures, 268-80; experimental, 262-63; first, 261
341 Tension. See Tensegrity
342 Tension cables, 60
343 Tetrahedron, 42, 43; formula for number of exterior spheres, 46; as lowest common denominator of nature, 44–45; more economical than cubes, 49; Sky-floating cities, 489; spherical, 44; system of, 43; Tensegrity, 272, 278; water-floating cities, 486-87
344 Thermal column phenomenon, 173
345 ‘‘Third powering,’’ 47
346Time (magazine), 6
347 Tool kits, 162
348 Topological systems, 229; Fuller’s basic theorem, 235
349 Triangles, as basic unit of energy configurations, 43
350 Triangular systems: as most economic energy networks, 43-44; symmetrical and asymmetrical, 44
351 Triton City, 486
352Tub, 82, 84
353 Tulane University, 423
354 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.): offer of Dymaxion Mobile Dormitory to, 63-64; Palace of the Soviets competition, 65
355 Union Tank Car Company: Geodesic dome, 63; roundhouse, 482-83
356 United States Air Force: Geodesic dome in Korea, 450; Geodesic radomes, 61, 385-86; planetarium dome, 353; radar huts, 34; Skybreak Dwellings for, 358-63
357 United States Army Signal Corps, radar huts, 34
358 United States Department of Commerce, 62
359 United States Marine Corps: Geodesic domes for, 61, 387-88; Paperboard dome for, 426-30
360 Universal robot, 52. See also Energy slaves
361 Universe: Fuller’s concept, 2, 4; fundamental geometry, 40; as a Gestalt, 66; nuclear patternings, 229; rational accounting of all energy patterns, 49
362 University of Illinois, 13
363 University of Michigan, 59, 268, 344, 346-47. 374. 425
364 University of Minnesota, 275-77, 334~39
365 University of Natal, 463
366 University of Oregon, 59, 267, 279, 341
367 Utility room, 48
368 ‘‘Valving,’’ 6; in Geodesic domes, 65
369 Vector Equilibrium, 41, 42, 44-455 as center of local and unique domain, 48; contractions of, 46; formula for number of
370 exterior spheres, 46; and Octet Truss, 57, 60; omni-directional equilibrium of forces, 41; properties of, 41-42; symmetrical, and mathematical breakthrough, 45-46; and Tensegrity, 271; translated into icosahedron, 42; and 25-great-circle pattern, 231. See also Point System Relationships Ventilation, in Dymaxion Dwelling Machines, 190-95, 214, 216-17
371 Venturi wind tunnel, 189, 190, 191
372 Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 348
373 Walker, Elmer, 36
374 War Manpower Commission, 36
375 War Production Board, 36
376 Warren, Waldo, 21
377 Washington University, 345, 376-79
378 Water Ocean World, 256, 260
379 Wealth: common, 17; primary, 6; real, 5-6; social, 4
380 Weight: of Dymaxion car, 28; of Dymaxion house, 60
381 Wells, H. G., 138
382 Western Electric Company, 415
383 Wichita house, 35-37, 55-56; development plans dropped, 37; mass production cost, 36. See also Dymaxion Dwelling Machine
384 William B. Stout Engineering Corporation, 33
385 Williams, Alford F., 29, 30, 131
386 Wire wheel principle: in American Society for Metals structure, 485; in Chicago World’s Fair Transportation building, 65; in Dymaxion Dwelling Machine, 186; in Dymaxion house, 49–59; in United States Pavilion at Brussels, 65
387 Wolf, Herman, 294
388 World Energy Map, 51-55, 250
389 World One, 256, 260
390 World Two, 257, 260; democratic government, 260
391 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 7
392 Yale University Architectural School, 421 Yost, Zane, 331
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
393The illustrations in this book are from the files of Mr. Fuller and are reproduced with his kind permission. Known credits are listed below. Numbers given are picture numbers.
394 American Studio, 143
395Architectural Forum, 146, 168, 174
396 Baird, Bil, 238
397 Beechcraft Photo, 189-192, 208
398 Casazza, Donald, G., 269
399 Defense Department (Marine Corps), 391
400 Freemesscr, B. L., 279
401 Hoffman, Bernard (Courtesy of Architectural Forum), 76, 83, 84
402Interiors (Copyright: 1954, Whitney Publications, Inc.), 433
403 International News Photos, Inc., 131
404 Jacoby’s Photo Service, 481
405 Kaufmann & Fabry, 139, 141
406 Kravitt, Samuel, 80
407 Lewis, Taylor B., Haycox Photoramic, Inc., 469
408 Lincoln, F. S., 19, 98--104, 130
409 Linney, Arthur H., 117, 120, 122
410 Little, 272
411 Long Island Press (Courtesy of Art News), 232
412 McCormick Armstrong Co., 187
413 Miller, Wayne F., 230
414 Molitor, Joseph W., 266
415 Morse, Ralph (Courtesy of Life, Copyright: 1955, Time, Inc.), 235
416 Namuth, Hans, 280
417 Scherschel, Frank (Courtesy of Life, Copyright: 1953, Time, Inc.), 295
418 Stoy, Werner, Camera Hawaii, 467
419 Taylor, Ed, 358
420 Weissmann, Ernest (Courtesy of Architectural Forum), 164, 169, 170